The early days of 'Human Reproduction'

ALIMD: the early days.

R I reviewed the minutes for the Association of Life Insurance Medical Directors (ALIMD) for 1889. These recorded the original organizational meeting of the group. Life insurance or assurance had started in this country in the early 1840s. Initially, the companies were mutual companies, owned by the policy holders and often dedicated to serving a specific clientele. The major risk in insuring t...

The early days of IVF.

Fertilizing mammalian eggs in vitro has a history dating back to the early 20th century. Analyses on rodent embryos in short-term culture opened new prospects of research on human embryos in vitro. This phase of research really opened in the 1930s as Pincus and colleagues, Enzmann and Saunders, initially liberated immature rabbit oocytes from their follicles into culture media and discovered ho...

Algebraic cohomology: the early days

This paper will survey the various definitions of homology theories from the first Eilenberg-Mac Lane theories for group cohomology through the Cartan-Eilenberg attempt at a uniform (co-)homology theory in algebra, cotriple cohomology theories and the various acyclic models theorems that tied them all together (as much as was possible).

The early days of gall bladder surgery.

The early days of experimental quantum cryptography

This paper describes the first quantum cryptography experiment, performed at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in the summer of 1989 by Charles H. Bennett and the author. The apparatus and some of the lesser-known details of the experiment are illustrated and discussed, and quantum cryptography is discussed in the light of some of the more recent research. Also included as an appendix is...